Calculus - Also known as “tartar”. This is formed when minerals in the saliva combine with plaque and make it hard. This can form above and below the gums. This makes it harder to clean effectively. Once tartar has formed it will have to be removed by your dentist or hygienist.

Gingivitis - This is the mildest form of gum disease caused by the build up of plaque around the gums. This causes the gums to become red, swollen and bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort at this stage. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good home oral care. If gingivitus is left untreated, periodontal disease will occur.

Periodontal Disease - This is the name given to the stage of gum disease when inflammation reaches the bone. Over time plaque can spread below the gum line, separating the gums from the teeth. This forms spaces called “pockets” which can become infected.

As the disease progresses the pockets deepen, with more gum tissue and bone destroyed. This process is usally painless until the advanced stages when it can become os severe that teeth become loose, increasing the risk of infections and tooth loss.


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